Wren & Martin Middle School English Grammar and Composition By P.C.WREN
| Wren & Martin Middle School English Grammar and Composition By P.C.WREN |
Primary School English Grammar and Composition By P.C.WREN
| Primary School English Grammar and Composition By P.C.WREN |
The King's Grammar By Sanjay Kumar Sinha | Ebook
| The King's Grammar By Sanjay Kumar Sinha | Ebook |
Fact about The Solar System and Planets
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| Fact about the solar system and planets |
study of the universe is known as: Cosmology (a branch of astronomy, that studies the origin and evolution of the universe)
approximately number of galaxies are: 170 billion galaxies
big bang theory is about the origin of the universe
BigBang was an explosion that occurred: 14 billion years ago
Earth's age from the big bang's time is: 10-20 billion years (googled: 13.7 billion years)
Earth is estimated to be 4.54 billion years old, plus or minus about 50 million years.
The brightest planet in the solar system is JUPITER
Its sequence is: My very easy method just speeds up nothing (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)
center is sun
planets are 8
Terrestrial (inner planets) are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Terrestrial made up of: silicate rock, metals
its surface is : Solid surface
these are close to: SUN
Venus's atmosphere is: thick
Mercury's atmosphere is: thin
Their atmosphere is: Thin to thick atmosphere
Gas Giants (outer Planets) are: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
large planets
mostly hydrogen gas
the surface is: gas type
small amount of rocks
Categories
Eight Planets
Satellites (moon)
Dwarf Planets
Comets
Particulars
Facts About Sun
Radius: 432168.6 miles
Diameter: 1.3927 million kms
it is ball of: gas
by atoms: 91% hydrogen
by atoms: 8.9% Helium
By mass: 70.6% hydrogen
By mass: 27.4% helium
sun has no moon
it has planets & their moon
sun's light takes 8.5 minutes to reach on earth
no rings
Facts about mercury
first planet
it's period of rotation around the sun is 88 days
it is nearest to the sun, fastest, smallest and 2nd dense planet and 2nd hottest planet
it is hottest because it has no atmosphere
no atmosphere, no moon, temperature max. +427 oC, Low -173 oC
distance from sun 57.9 million KM
Rotation on own Axis is: 58 days 15 hours and 30 minutes
Facts about Venus
it is 2nd planet
its name Venus is: Roman goddess of love and beauty
its period of rotation around the sun is 224.7 days
it is Hottest, Brightest, closest to the earth, No. 6th in size
reason why it is hottest than mercury (closest to sun) : due to layer of carbon dioxide
it has no moon
its surface temperature is 462 oC
Distance from sun is 108.2 million KM
rotation on own axis is: 243 days 14 h
earth sister planet: due to size and mass matched with earth
known as: morning and evening star
east to west rotation
venus and uranus rotattion: east to west , all others rotate west to east
largest quantity of carbon dioxide i.e 95 % is the reason of hotness
Facts About Mars
It is 4th planet
it is known as 'Red Planet', due to iron oxide
Mars means: Roman god of war
Period of Rotation around the sun is: 687 days
no 7th in size in complete solar system
two natural satellites: Phobos & Diemos
Surface temperature -87 oC to -5 oC
Distance from sun is 227.9 million KM
Rotation on its own axis is: 24 h, 37 min & 22 sec
Mars is a home of Olympus Mons *tallest mountain in the solar system
Facts about Jupiter
its is 5th planet
Period of rotation around the sun is 12 years
no. 1 in size, biggest planet
79 natural satellites, (Maximum in number),
surface temparature -108 oC
Distance from sun is 778.3 million KM
Rotation on its own axis is: 9h, 50 min, & 30 sec, smallest day / shortest rotation time
planet 316201 named Malala on 11 april 2015, (planet b/w Mars & Jupiter)
planet 316201 is known as: Malala Asteroid (Malala yousif zai)
Jupitar's Moon 'Ganymede' is the largest moon in solar system
Ganymede also known as biggest moon in solar system
Facts about Saturn
it is 6th planet
Period of rotation around the sun is 30 years
no. 2 in size
surface temperature -139 oC
53 confirmed natural satellites, 'Titan & Rhea' are Largest
Distance from sun is 1427 million KM
rotation on its own axis is : 10h, 14 min
10 time bigger than earth
Facts about Uranus
It is 7th planet
period of rotation around the sun is 84 years
no. 3 in size, very cold & windy
27 known natural satellites
distance from the sun is 2869.6 million KM
16h, 10 min (rotation on its own axis)
discovered in 1781 by Astronomer William Herschel
Opposite rotation
NUS planets (Venus, Uranus) rotates in opposite direction i.e East to West
Facts about Neptune
it is 5th planet
Period of rotation around the sun is 165 years, largest time to go around the sun
no. 4 in size, very cold & windy, Coldest planet
distance from sun is 4496.6 million KM
18 h (Rotation on own axis)
Facts about Earth
Period of rotation around the sun is 365.25 days
no. 5 in size
1 known natural satellite (moon)
distance from sun is 149.6 million KM
23h, 56 min, 40 sec (rotaion on own axis)
closer to the sun in 'January'
Solar Eclipse (suraj girhan) : Moon comes between sun and earth
Lunar eclipse (chand girhan) : Earth comes between sun and moon
General Facts about solar system
watery planet is: earth
reddish planet in night sky is: Mars
in 1610, Galileo Galilei discovered four moons of: Jupiter planet
the planet mercury is difficult to be observed most of the time because: it being too close to the sun, gets hidden by the glare of the sun.
comets revolve around: Sun
venus is known as: Earth's twin
parsec is the unit of measurement of: Astronomical distance
light coming from stars gives the idea of their: Temperature
period of one revolution of sun around the centre of galaxy is called: Cosmic year
Super nova is dying star
laws of planetary orbits discovered by: Johanries Kepler
planets are kept in motion in their respective orbits by: Gravitational and centrifugal force
time required by moonlight to reach the earth is: 1.3 sec
if there is no sun, the colour of sky would be: Black
saturn rings discovered by: Galileo
solar corona mainly consists of: molten lava
Foucault experiment proof: the rotation of earth
radiant energy of the sun transmitted in: short waves
blackhole is: contracted star with intense gravitational pull
great bear is: a constellation
Halley's comet appears once in a period of: 76 years
to a space traveller on moon, lunar sky during day time appears: Black
brightest star in the night (nithy) sky is: Sirius
outermost layer of the sun is called: Corona
tides in the sea have stored in them: hydraulic, kinetic, and gravitational potential energy
Sayings about education and Philosophy | Ancient philosophers' quotes
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| wise words from Ancient Philosophers |
Education is the process of development of the mind and body of man so that he/she eagerly pursues the ideals perfection of citizenship. Plato
Education is the process of training a man to fulfill his aims by exercising all the faculties to the fullest extent as a member of society. This aim is developed by intellect and by his freewill. Aristotle
Education is an endeavor for the making of better people, better nation and consequently a better humanity. Benjamin Rush
Education refers to instruct and improve minds and to perfect the youth so as to ensure the welfare and prosperity of the society. Samuel Knox
Education is the process of formation of the highest moral character of the individual through many sided interests. Fredrick Herbert
Education is a process by which a person gains understanding of self as well as the environment. Ellis
Education consists of training a child to participate in life activities systematically, to love work and to put his brain and heart into his work. Parker
Education is the process of making life pleasant and acquaintance with right principles of life. Froebel
Education is the activity of instructing humanity
to the individuals. Hutchins
Class Activity 02: Use of dictionary for expanding vocabulary
May 27, 2023
Dictionaries are incredibly helpful for those who are learning English as a second language, as they aid in expanding vocabulary, unlocking language treasures, and developing language prowess. Here are a few highlights of an activity organized by Nazish Jamali in the classroom before starting a new session of the year and that was practiced by Grade 5 students, this activity is helpful in order to enhance self exploration of vocabs among students while reading if they feel difficulty in understanding of the new or unknown words. This activity equipped students to delve into the dictionary using various tools and techniques that enabled them to discover new and unknown words along with their meanings or definitions. #NazishJamali
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| Activity: Use of dictionary for expanding vocabulary |
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| Activity: Use of dictionary for expanding vocabulary |
Class Activity 01: Brainstorming & Learning By Doing
May 24, 2023
English Grade V: Activity Updates
Innovative English Class: Students brainstormed about animal names, which sparked lively discussions. They explored vocabulary while fostering their speaking and listening abilities. As well, they submitted their assignment for the topic "Clay toys".
From Clay to Joy: Students proudly displayed their clay toy masterpieces and revealed their artistic talents and language development.
I believe that Johan Dewey's Slogan "Learning by Doing" is working out for my class because I observed that students get much interest in learning and happily participate in class activities. This teaching technique also boosts the students knowledge quickly and easily without wasting time on repetition of the same examples or definitions again and again.
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| Class Activity 01: Brainstorming & Learning By Doing |
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| Class Activity 01: Brainstorming & Learning By Doing |
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| Class Activity 01: Brainstorming & Learning By Doing |
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| Class Activity 01: Brainstorming & Learning By Doing |
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| Class Activity 01: Brainstorming & Learning By Doing |
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| Class Activity 01: Brainstorming & Learning By Doing |
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| Class Activity 01: Brainstorming & Learning By Doing |
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| Class Activity 01: Brainstorming & Learning By Doing |
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| Class Activity 01: Brainstorming & Learning By Doing |
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| Class Activity 01: Brainstorming & Learning By Doing |
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| Class Activity 01: Brainstorming & Learning By Doing |
Remedies to improve reading speed
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| Remedies to improve reading speed |
Reading is the process of interpreting, decoding, and comprehending the written text, symbols, or language to form mental representations of the information conveyed in the text. Reading is known as a fundamental skill out of the four LSRW (listening, speaking, reading, and writing), which helps every individual in his or her academic and professional life. Developing reading skills can be challenging for beginners, particularly when it comes to reading speed. Reading speed is the rate of reading and comprehending written information, which can be measured in words per minute (WPM), with the average adult reading speed ranging from 200 to 300 wpm, and is an essential aspect of reading proficiency that can impact students’ academic performance. Broadly, there are two styles of reading: slow reading and fast slow. A high reading speed indicates that a person can read and comprehend text more quickly, while a lower reading speed suggests a slower and less efficient reading process. Fast reading speed is advantageous for students at every stage of life, while slow reading not only hinders but also discourages the students’ academic progress. So for beginners, it is essential to find out ways to improve their reading speed. There are various strategies (such as phonics instruction, sight word recognition, repeated reading, guided reading, etc.) that are helpful for improving reading speed, so teachers and parents should apply these strategies to developing students’ reading fluency and speed. Ultimately, good reading speed leads to greater academic success. Factors influencing reading speed: Reader’s vocabulary: unfamiliar words can impact a student’s reading speed; this may slow down the reading speed due to stopping to look up meanings and definitions Comprehension: A reader’s ability to understand the flow of written information while reading can also impact reading speed. Attention span: a reader who is easily distracted from the written text or has a short attention span may take more time to read the text. Subject’s familiarity: readers can read a known subject more quickly as compared to a new subject or an unfamiliar subject. Reading environment: a noisy or distracting environment can also impact reading speed, fluency, and comprehension. Physical factors: physical factors like eye strain or fatigue can impact reading speed. The difficulty level of the text and its formatting: the level of difficulty, the small size of the text, and the font style are all factors that influence a student’s reading speed. Remedies to improve reading speed: Regular reading: as it is said, “practice makes a man perfect,” so regular reading practice can automatically improve reading speed, enhance fluency, and provide a treasure trove of vocabulary. Consistent practice helps to develop muscle memory and strengthens the neural pathways used for reading. Use a guide: Using a finger, a pencil, or a reading guide can help guide the eyes along the text and improve reading speed. This technique is particularly helpful for individuals who struggle with skipping lines or losing their place while reading. Skimming and scanning: These are reading techniques that involve quickly scanning through text to identify important information, such as keywords or phrases. This can help readers process information more efficiently and quickly. Read with purpose: Setting goals or objectives for reading can help increase reading speed and comprehension. For example, setting a goal to read a certain number of pages or to finish a chapter in a specific amount of time can motivate individuals to read more quickly. Expand vocabulary: a strong vocabulary is crucial for efficient reading. The more words a person knows, the easier it is to recognize and understand new words in context. Expanding vocabulary through regular reading and vocabulary-building exercises can significantly improve reading speed. Improved comprehension: reading speed and comprehension are interconnected. Improving comprehension can help individuals read faster as they spend less time rereading or trying to make sense of the text. To improve comprehension, individuals can practice summarizing, making connections, and asking questions while reading. Reduce subvocalization: It is the habit of silently speaking or mouthing words without actually vocalizing them while reading. While it can aid in comprehension, it can also slow down reading speed. Practicing reading without subvocalization can help increase reading speed. Choose engaging reading material: Choosing texts that are interesting and relevant to student’s interests can motivate them to read more and increase their reading speed. Learn phonics and word recognition: Phonics and word recognition skills can help students read more quickly and accurately by recognizing common patterns and letter sounds. In general, improving reading speed is an essential component of developing strong literacy skills, and it is particularly important at the beginner level. By using a variety of strategies, such as providing engaging reading material, teaching phonics, and word recognition, practicing timed readings, using guided reading strategies, encouraging reading aloud, etc., with consistent practice and support, students can develop the foundational skills necessary for successful reading and academic achievement. Improving reading speed not only enhances reading proficiency but also boosts confidence, motivation, and overall enjoyment of reading. #NazishJamali
The current revolutionary society
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| The current revolutionary society |
Today’s era is called the intellectual, informational, and revolutionary era; it depends on education, technology, economy, social life, etc., which move with a speed of time and enjoy developments according to each era. A period known as the revolutionary or modern period, which goes along with time, lays the foundation for revolutionizing education, culture, economy, and other different areas of life to lay the foundation for changes and development in society. In today’s era, everyone is concerned and worried about how to increase information? How to compete with others? How to shine our name in society? Today, everyone is looking for a revolution! But unfortunately, the search for such a revolution that leaves no stone unturned in harming the ordinary people living in the society. Allah ta’ala has given every human being the best qualities and abilities, which he can use and fulfill so that he can conquer everything in the world. But today’s man is reluctant to use his skills and abilities and instead of forcing his mind to worry and think to increase knowledge, he wants to loot the crops of others, earn name and money. Educated people of the society are also involved in this process. I am presenting to you the method of information revolution of an individual of this society. This is the famous university of sindh, in which a person who was doing ph.d by stealing the research of a foreign researcher; this red-handed thief wants to gain cheap fame by listening to the slogans of “wah wah” for himself in the society, wants to earn a name in the society, and wants to increase knowledge! This is one incident but there will be many other incidents which are hidden from our eyes. Such educated personalities want to revolutionize the society by increasing their information in a negative way. Will the revolution come like this? Is this how society evolves? Do educated people want to spread such a message in society? Is the education system teaching us this? I make it clear that this kind of action will drown the society and not bring any progress and changes. This attitude of highly educated people leaves a negative impact on the society and it destroys the society instead of improving and beautifying it! This process will create an idea in the minds of other citizens living in the society that when an educated class wants to maintain such a culture and move forward, then why not us? We did it and many are doing it. If we talk about clear comparison, today’s society thinks that when it comes to loss, be behind everyone and when it comes to personal gain, be ahead of everyone. Everyone living in today’s society and i am included in them, we have the same thought that we should do something that will benefit us. We will not think for the society that if our good action brings any benefit to the society or other oppressed people, then what is the harm in doing that action? But we don’t want that. Where did this idea come from? Suppose a child in your family (daughter, son, brother or sister etc.) Wants to become a teacher in a school, your first question will be, “will the salary be higher?” have you ever encouraged him that the salary is not a problem, a little more is good, but you have fulfilled your wish. Secondly, with this action, the oppressed will be better and an example of positive thinking will be created in the society; or if a child wants to give free tutoring to neighborhood kids, the first question you or other relatives, friends, and colleagues ask is, “would tuition benefit you?” or “how much will the fee be?” or you yourself will reject it and say, “there is no need, if the fee is good, teach, otherwise there is no need to bang your head against the walls!” of course, such thinking is being transferred from us. Remember that if you don’t give credit to the conscious emotions to defeat the best weapons, society will be mailes away from the goals of success and success will be seen as a blur as a blind eye without spectacles. To make our society successful, we have to wear glasses that don’t see greed. We are a part of the society and we always give blame to the society, but our existence does not bring any benefit to the society. Our children, friends, colleagues or relatives show the desire to behave well and positively and when we do not see any benefit in it, we stop it. What can be expected from people’s behavior? In addition, every member of the society learns the lesson of “respect for the elders and love for the younger” in his childhood and becomes a part of this society when he grows up and calls himself a responsible citizen. But has it fulfilled its responsibility? Is it possible to benefit the elders and youth of the society from this learning?
Published in daily parliament times newspaper click here to read in newspaper. #NazishJamali
Animals can learn why not humans...?
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| Animals can learn why not humans...? |
America is considered a great and powerful country in the world. Although the number of cities in the United States is very high, according to the statistics collected in 2022, there are 200 large cities in the United States in terms of population,
whose population is much larger than other cities. Three cities in the state of Massachusetts, Boston at 21st, Worcester at 145th, and Springfield at 181st position are included in this list. Williamsburg is a small but charming city in the heart of the state of Massachusetts, USA. Before the 1874th century, hardly anyone had such information about this city. But this small town is inhabited by the pupil of the eye and the heartbeat of every educationist of today.On August 31, 1874, in the small but beautiful town of Williamsburg in the state of Massachusetts, Edward Lee Thorndike was born in the house of Robert Thorndike and Abigail Brewster Ladd Thorndike. Today’s world knows him only because of his great work. Every aspect of education has been linked to his views. He is said to be the second son of Robert Thorndike’s four children. He learned to read at home and started going to school at the age of five. At the age of twelve, he began studying at Lowell High School in Boston. After that, he received his Bachelor’s degree from Wesleyan University in 1891-1895. He studied with William James at Harvard University for two years and then in 1898 he received a degree of Ph.D. from Columbia University. It is written somewhere that he married Elizabeth Moulton at the age of 26 on August 29, 1900 (but somewhere his marriage age is said to be 23 years). He got married to her and had children, sometimes four children are said, and sometimes five, the real number may not be known to anyone. The soul of Prof. Edward Lee Thorndike departed this mortal world on 9th August 1949, at the age of 75.Edward Lee Thorndike did many experiments in his life, he is also called the father of modern educational psychology and the master of behavior because he did research in 1898 which was titled “Animal Intelligence”. His doctoral thesis “Animal Intelligence” is considered by many psychologists to be the beginning of the scientific study of “animal behavior”. In this study, Thorndike stated that if using the “animal intelligence” method similarly to experimenting on children, we can improve their intelligence also.Thorndike also conducted the first major scientific study on “learning children” and the “learning methods” which are used by them, in which he proved that the growing age of children affects their learning abilities rarely. Because skills are like the wings of birds, even if you cut their wings, it will not affect their flight, because this flight is a gift given to birds by the Almighty. In the same way, no matter where a person is standing in life, his journey of learning continues till death. Social scientists also looked at the learning process of children with great interest, after which many new and innovative methods were introduced to teach children for their great learning outcomes including group discussion, use of moving pictures, audio and visual (listening and seeing) resources, teaching with the help of exhibits (showing things), field trips (i.e. taking children for a walk around the park if the theme of the park is to be taught), and drama includes performing the activities. Now, besides these, many new methods of teaching have been invented which aim only to teach the child and improve their learning. The exploits of Thorndike: Thorndike called the learning process a stimulus-response. This means that learning is not possible without motivation. A writer has written that “motivation is that, a man after falling, gets up in such a way that he didn’t fall”. It is better to encourage every response of the learner during the learning process because this motivation can save the students from drowning in the river of failure. Motivation can be done in different ways such as giving praise, reward, or enticement.In Thorndike’s trial and error experiment he used a puzzle box, he was seen to effectively lock a starving cat in that puzzle box, he set a pulley in the middle of the cage’s roof. As the cat pulls the string attached to the pulley downwards then the door of the cage will open due to the removal of the hinge and the cat can eat the food (fish) placed in the bowl in front of it but the cat had no idea of such an act so it attempted so many trials for opening the door of that puzzle box to eat the fish. After many trials and errors finally, a time the door opens when the rope in the pulley hits a part of the cat’s body and it pulls down, and then the cat ate that food. If seen in action, Thorndike teaches a hungry cat to open the door by giving it a food lure or reward. In which the cat succeeds after many failures. According to Thorndike, trial and error theory is not only for animals but it can be used on humans as well. When any child or person tries to do any work, many mistakes are made in the beginning. After many trials, he is finally able to work properly.It can be seen here that an innocent animal can learn different tricks due to a little effort and attention, so why not a human being…!? In my opinion, if we want to teach a subject matter with the same effort and attention to a student of any age, we can teach it in the best way but today in our society, the whole attention is devoted only to using mobile phones and gossiping about others, and we are so afraid of doing hard work, like rats from hunter cage, deer from lions, fishermen from giant crocodiles, rulers from voting, and sparrows afraid from a trap.
Published in daily times newspaper. #NazishJamali
